Office



(Model.)

F. KOSKUL.

f VENEER.

No. 289,005. Patented NOV. 27, 1883.

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SECIFIOATION `forming` part of Letters Patent No. 289,005, dated November 27,' 1.885?.

' Application led March 20, 1883. (Model.)

To ad?, infront zit riz/opy concern:

Be it known that l', FREDERICK KosKUL, a citizen of theV United States, residing in the city and county of St. Louis, and State of Missouri,

have invented an Improved Veneer, of which the following is a specification.

l'dy improvedveneer consists, first, of a sheet or strip of transparent, partially transparent, or opaque varnish 'or equivalentmaterial,with ornamenting particles of pearl-shell or other fragments, or geometrical pieces of either circular, oblong, square, prismatic, Octagon, lozenge, or analogous known forms of any suitable material-such as metal st me, glass, wood, bone, or a combination of any of the samef-embedded into its body, andthe varnish or equivalent material, as well as the ornamental fragments orgeometrical pieces forining the body proper of the veneer, being applied to and supported by a paper or cloth foundation, which serves to sustain the materials while the veneer is being manufactured, as well as while being applied upon a base or any article, or in any place, this paper or cloth foundation being readily removable, so as to expose to view the varnish or equivalent surface and the embedded ornamentations, or both such ornamentations and portions of the base upon which the veneer is placed; second, of a veneer made of varnish or equivalent Inaterial, and with fragment-al ornaments-such as pearl-shell. or other fragments, or geometrical pieces of either circular, square, oblong', lozenge, prismatic, or` other analogous known forms/bf any suitable material-such as metal, stone, glass, wood, or other known suitable substances, or a combination of any of the samer-and with both a paper foundation and a paper or woven cloth backing, whereby the varnish vor its equivalent and fragmental or-` naments or geometrical pieces, after having been pressed between rollers, are made to form 4a veneer of uniform thickness and level and smooth. v rlhe varnish veneer, or veneer of equivalen material,with its embedded fragmental or geometrical ornaments, is sustainedwhile being manufactured, and also protected and sustained while being applied. to any article or in any place, and whichpveneer can be cemented or vglued firmly in position by any suitable means, and can by removal of its paper foun dation have its varnish or its equivalent surface and fraginental or geometrical ornamentation, or both such ornamentation and a portion of the base to which the veneer is applied, exposed to view.

- In my pending application for a patent, filed October 5,1882, the ornamentation of the varnish veneer therein described was produced by either printing or painting or applying printed or painted ornaments upon the back of the lvarnish veneer or between layers of varnish,

and by the transparency of the varnish having these ornaments visible to the sight. My present invention is not intended to cover aveneer such as is claimed in such pending application.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front view of my improved veneer as applied to a base or article, and with a portion of the foundation and protecting pap er washed away to expose the surface of varnish or equivalent material and the fragmental ornamentation. In this illustration the fragmental ornamenta tion is shown as spread over the entire base or article, save so far as the fragments are separated by the varnish, which embeds and holds them in position. Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. l, excepting that the fragmental ornaments arearranged in parallel vertical panels, separated by intervening plain panels of varnish or equivalent material. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the veneer shown in Fig. 2 before being applied to a base or article. Fig.

4C is a similar view to Fig. 3, showing the veneer applied to a base. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the veneer as provided with both a paper foundation and paper or cloth backing. Fig. 6 is a-horizontal section of Fig. 5 applied to a base or article. Fig. 7 is a view illustrating one of many mosaic borders which may be adopted with my invention. This one is shown as formed of oblong rectangular pieces of wood or other material placed zigzag upon apaper foundation and embedded in varnish or equivalent material; and Fig. 8 is a transverse section of a column with my veneer applied to it, ready to have the foundationpaper removed.-

-In the views of the drawings, A is the protecting and supporting foundation paper or IOO cloth of the veneer. This foundation, when of paper, may be specially manufactured from pulp with reference to the use intended, so

A is coated on one side with varnish or equivalent material at a, and upon this coat of varnish or equivalent I place either particles of pearl-shell, or fragments or pieces of any other suitable material-such as metal, stone` glass, wood, bone, or a combination of any number of the materials mentioned, or of other analogous fragmental materials-for the purpose of producing` the ornamentation b of the veneer. This done, and the iirst coat, a, of varnish or equivalent material upon which the ornaments were placed, having been allowed to dry or become perfectly set, I next completely cover the ornaments and the first coat of varnish or v its equivalent with one, two, or more coats of varnish, c, and when these coats of varnish are set, the veneer will have been completed, and can be cemented to a base or article, D. After the veneer has been applied to a base or article D, the foundation-paper can be removed by saturating it with water and rubbing off with a sponge, or in any manner desired.

After applying the veneer, it may be rendered smooth or of uniform thickness by pressure applied against its foundation-paper, and this pressure may be produced upon a moderately-heated boardv or plate resting on theveneer, or by a moderately-heated iron. This done, and should slight imperfections be found to exist, the veneer may be rubbed down with pumice-stone to remove the imperfections, and a thin coat of varnish to increase the brillianc'y of the veneer may be applied to the surface after being rubbed down, as stated.

The veneer, if made of varnish, as herein described, may be applied to a base or article D at any subsequent time after the last coat of varnish is applied and has become real tacky7 and in such case this last coat of varnish will answer as the cementing material by which the veneer is cemented or fastened upon said base or article D.

It will be understood that artificial heats may be adopted lwhen bakingyarnishes are 'i used and a very hard surface is desired,while ordinary modes of drying will answer for veneers not requiredto be baked; also,that, either before or after the rubbing down of the veneer with pumice-stone, the veneer, if flat or level on its surface, may be pressed.`

In very large surfaces I iindit desirable in some instancesvhen serious defects are found to exist after the veneer has been applied and the foundation-paper A removed, to reapply foundation-paper and again subj ect the veneer to hot pressure applied through a heated board,plate, or iron, for the purpose of removing the imperfections. A veneer thus retreated'may be coated with varnish to heighten its brilliancy.

A veneer made in accordance with my invention as thus far described may present either a continuous ornamentation, as in Fig. l, or divided portions of ornamentation, as in Fig. 2. Of course, any design, configuration, or arrangement may be adopted, accordingly as fancy may suggest.

Another useful form of vmy veneer having fragmental ornamentations--such as pearlshell or other fragments, or geometrical pieces kof either circular, square, oblong, prismatic,

octagonal, or other known forms of other suitable materialssuch as metal, stone, glass, wood, bone, or a combination of any ofthe same within its body, as described, and supported by a paper foundation, A-would be to cement a backing, E, of either paper, cloth, or canvas, to the rear surface of the veneer, and to apply cement or glue to the back surface of this backing, for the purpose of gluing or cementing the veneer to a base or article D. This form may be preferable to the other shown and described, as the paper or cloth E adheres very firmly to varnish, whilethe paper or clothcan be very firmly glued or cemented to the base or foundation D.

.. I propose in some cases to place the orna-A mental fragments directly upon the foundation-paper A, fasten them by other gummy substance than varnish, and then to embed them by one, two, or more coats of varnish. I propose, further, to have the ornamentation consist of fragments of materials lying between layers of opaque varnish, so that the particles of material will fully show when the surface of the veneer is rubbed down sufficiently to expose them to view. I further propose to substitute cloth for the paper foundation A, and I regard the same as an equivalent protecting and supporting device; but I prefer the paper material, as it can be readily'removed by saturation with water` and rubbing with a sponge, and cloth is used as a backing in preference to paper wheneverthe veneer is dried by baking, inasmuch as it is less liable to warp and is much stronger, especially for large surfaces.

My improved veneer will be found very useful in connection with other materials to forni mosaic borders, inlaid and other ornamental work, as illustrated in Fig. 7, in which gure A represents the foundation-paper; b, the ornamental or geometrical pieces, and c the v ar nish or equivalent material of which the vcneer is made.

. In manufacturing the veneer veither transparent varnish or shellac may be employed, or the transparent varnish may be rendered opaque by mixing with pigments of any color.

IOO

IIO

is found by the removal of the foundation ina- My venecring may in some cases be decorated on its finished surface by painting, if desired, and the veneering may be placed upon either cylindrical, elliptical, angular, lenticular, or fiat surfaces; and the base upon which it is placed may be either convex, concave, or straight, and continuous on one plane or undulating or serpentine.

In the foregoing specication I have referred to 11e-treating the veneer by pressure when it terial that imperfections in the surface exist; but I do not claim under this patent-the process of either treating or retreating veneer by pressure, as I contemplate applying` for a patent for a process or processes embracing the treating and re-treatin g ofveneers by pressure.

I am aware of Letters Patent Nos. 97,607, 225,802, and 226,4=97, and nia-ke no claim for anything shown therein; but

What I claim as my invention, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a veneer, as herein described, the

v combination, with a paper or textile foundation, as A, of ornaments, as b, and a uniting and holding body, as @,Wliereby ornamentingveneering is provided, which can be applied to objects after their construction, and which is in a form not liable to injury or destruction from handling or during application to objects, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a veneer, the combination, with a text ile backing, E, of embedded ornaments, as b, a uniting and holding body, as c, and apaper or textile foundation, as A, whereby orna FREDERICK KOSKUL. Witnesses:

FREDERICK XVEMHOENER, VIRGIL M. HARRIS. 

